The Ethics of War in Islam. Jihad Means Struggle or Striving. Jihad does not mean bloodshed
nd fight in the way of Allah those who fight you but do not transgress. Indeed, Allah does not like transgressors.
And kill them wherever you overtake them and expel them from wherever they have expelled you, and fitnah (persecution) is worse than killing. And do not fight them at Al-Masjid al-Haram until they fight you there. But if they fight you, then kill them. Such is the recompense of the disbelievers.
But if they cease, then indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.
And fight them until there is no more fitnah and [until] the religion is solely for Allah. But if they cease, then there is to be no aggression except against the oppressors."
اور اللہ کی راہ میں ان سے لڑو جو تم سے لڑیں اور زیادتی نہ کرو، بے شک اللہ زیادتی کرنے والوں کو پسند نہیں کرتا اور انہیں قتل کرو جہاں پاؤ اور انہیں نکال دو جہاں سے انہوں نے تمہیں نکالا ہے، اور غلبہ شرک قتل سے زیادہ سخت ہے، اور مسجد حرام کے پاس ان سے نہ لڑو جب تک کہ وہ تم سے یہاں نہ لڑیں، پھر اگر وہ تم سےلڑیں تم بھی انہیں قتل کرو، کافروں کی یہی سزا ہے پھر اگر وہ باز آجائیں تو اللہ بڑا بخشنے والا نہایت رحم والا ہے اور ان سے لڑو یہاں تک کہ فساد باقی نہ رہے اور اللہ کا دین قائم ہو جائے، پھر اگر وہ
باز آجائیں تو سوائے ظالموں کے کسی پر سختی جائز نہیں۔
Explanation:
Revealed Context:
These verses were revealed after the Hijrah, when Muslims were granted permission to fight back against the persecution they endured in Makkah. After years of torture, oppression, and forced exile, Allah granted the Muslims permission to defend themselves, but with clear ethical limits.
Key Points from History:
Oppression in Makkah: Muslims faced torture, economic boycott, and killings.
Hijrah (Migration): Muslims migrated to Madinah to seek refuge and safety.
Treaty Violations: Pagan Quraysh violated peace treaties and harassed Muslims.
Badr Battle: A turning point that led to these commandments being practically applied.
Ethical Warfare: Muslims were taught not to initiate aggression or harm civilians.
Masjid al-Haram's sanctity: Fighting was prohibited there unless provoked.
Fitnah's Severity: Religious persecution (fitnah) was declared worse than war.
Command to Cease if Enemy Ceases: Mercy and forgiveness are preferred if the enemy stops aggression.
Oppressors as Exception: Aggression is only allowed against ongoing transgressors.
Objective of War: End persecution and establish freedom to worship Allah.
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